Agile & Delivery playbook/Module 3 · Kanban & flow

Day 25 / 100 · Kanban & flow · Little's Law

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One simple equation explains why limiting work in progress speeds delivery up, without anyone working harder.

Average cycle time = average WIP ÷ average throughput

Little's Law

Holds for averages over a stable period, when work that starts eventually finishes. Proved by John Little in 1961.

Worked Example

20 items in progress, 5 finished a week. Average: 4 weeks each.

Cut WIP to 10 items, same 5 a week. Average: 2 weeks each.

Source: EconPapers / Operations Research: J.D.C. Little, 'A Proof for the Queuing Formula: L = λW' ↗

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